The Branscombe Parish Registers Database consists of two parts:
These two parts will be called the registers and the persons database in what follows. 'The registers' also refers to the original registers in book-form. The distinction between the book-form and electronic-form registers will be clear from context.
The persons database is derived from the registers. The two contain the same data but are organised differently.
The registers in their original form record events - baptisms, marriages, and burials. People are mentioned as participants in these events. They may be the primary participants (a child baptised, a bride or groom, or a deceased person) or some relation of theirs (typically a parent).
Many people stay in the village long enough to figure more than once in the registers. A person may appear in two or more registers or may appear more than once in the same register (e.g. if they have several children baptised).
As an example, a girl might be born in the village. She is baptised, and her name goes in the baptisms register. Twenty years later she gets married and she appears in the marriages register. A year later she is mentioned again in the baptisms register, this time as a parent. Fifty years later she dies and her details are entered in the burials register.
The term we use for a particular mention of a person, together with any details given about that person, is called a record.
In the example above, the woman's record is distributed over seventy years and over three different registers.
For some purposes the registers, with their distributed records, will be useful for research. But for other purposes it will be useful to have all the records for a particular person linked together and available in one place. For example, we may want to research a particular historical figure (perhaps for genealogy purposes), or we may want to do demographic studies, where we know (at least roughly) the set of people living at a particular time. 1 Such person-based studies are made possible by the persons database.
The three registers are kept in churches. Each time a baptism, marrige or burial happens at the church, personal details of the key participants are entered in the relevant register.
Physically each register consists of a set of books. Each book contains a few tens of pages. When one book is filled up it goes into the archive and another is started. Completed books are kept by the Devon Record Office. The current (unfilled) books for Branscombe are kept in St Winifred's Church.
The registers have been maintained since the early 16th century, though
they began at different times. The marriages and burials registers
have a gap around the time of the English Civil War:
baptisms 1539-2004
marriages 1545-1641, 1652-2004
burials 1578-1622, 1653-2004
Up to 1753, the format of the registers was unregulated. Two acts of Parliament, Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753 and Rose's Act of 1812, stipulated what information should be recorded. 2 Generally, prior to these acts the information is sparse - just names and dates - while after the acts the information is fuller, with information such as abode and trade being added. The format currently used in churches came in in 1837. 3
The earliest volumes of each of the registers - those before 1813 - were transcribed and published by H. Tapley-Soper and Elijah Chick. 4 The 1539-1812 entries in the present database originated as scans of this publication.
A person may be mentioned in the registers in a primary role, that is to say as:
Often a person is mentioned in several of these roles. Also, a person can appear in some of the roles more than once. For example, a person can appear as the parent of several baptised children. Two roles that cannot be repeated are a child being baptised and a person being buried (that is, you can only be born once and only die once).
For convenience we use abbreviations to refer to the seven
roles. These are shown in the table below. The table also
shows the number of instances of each role in the registers
in the period (1539-2004):
Role
Abbrev.
Instances
child baptised
CB
5917
spouse/groom
MM
3276
person buried
BB
4119
parent of child baptised
PB
11606
father of spouse/groom
FM
1295
spouse of person buried
SBB
195
parent of person buried
PBB
1004
Generally more details are given in the registers about persons in primary roles than in secondary roles.
This section describes the various pieces of information given for each person in each of the registers. These pieces of information, such as name, age, abode, are called fields
Generally the electronic form of the registers keeps to the original book form in the way the information is structured. However, some fields have been renamed or added, and the content of others has been entered in a form that is different from the original. Where there are differences, these are mentioned in the description that follows.
Some fields in the register, such as signatures of witnesses, are omitted.
A key difference between the book form and the electronic form is that in the latter, a number of fields have been divided into parts. For instance, name fields are divided into (a) forenames (with each forename stored separately), (b) surname, and (c) surname alias (explained later on). Similarly, dates are separated into their parts - days, months, years. Separating the elements in this way allows the data to be presented flexibly, and allows the data to be searched and sorted (though not in the present package).
Some fields are common to two or more of the registers. We will start with these.
A name consists of
A name may appear in different forms, due to:
All these sources of variation were taken into account when finding matching records.
Where possible (and discernible) the original orthography of names has been kept to.
Some examples of variably-spelt surnames:
Flea/fflay/ffle/Fflea/ffley/Filea/Flay/fle/Flee/Fley
Laicott/leacot/Lecot/Lecote/Lecott/Leicott/Leycott
Minifie/Menefeigh/Minefeigh/Minefigh/Minefye/Minifey/Minify/Minifye
Mecho/Macho/meacho/Mecar/Mecco/Mechoe/Mecko/Meckow/Meco/Mecoe/Mecoo/
Meko/Micho/Mico/Mycho/Myco/Mycoe
Newton/Neuten/Neuton/Nouten/Nuten/Nuton/nutone/Nutton/Nuttone
Northcott/Norcot/Norcott/Norket/Northcot/Northcote/Northcotte/Northott
Otton/Auton/Otten/oatten/Wooton/Wootton/Woten/wotten/Wottin/Wotton
Payton/Paddon/Paiton/paitone/Paytone/Peyton/Peytwin/Peytwyn/Poyton
Raffill/Raffell/Raffil/Raffle/Rafill/Raphael/Raphiel
Tucker/Tocker/Toker/Tooce/Tooker/tuker/Tuckir
Turle/terrell/Tourle/Turell/Turll/Turlle/Turrel/Turrell
Westcott/Wescet/Wescot/wescote/Wescott/Wescotte/Wesscott/Wessett/
westcote/Wiscot
Commonly parents' names are passed to their children. There is a slight bias in favour of using the father's name. Even where the first-born child is not a boy, the father's name may be passed to the child, using a feminine form (e.g. Ellis's daughter may be named Eliza; Thomas's may be named Tamsyn).
Where an infant dies, his/her name will be used for the next born. This will carry on until a child survives beyond infancy.
Women's names can be problematic from the point of view of linking records. A woman acquires a new surname each time she marries. However, where her father is mentioned in the marriage record, his surname can be treated as being her maiden name, and so we can trace her marriage history via her maiden name.
Records from 1837 include the name of the father. Before that, it is only possible to trace a woman's marriage history if it is recorded without interruption. In this case, her surname coming to her second marriage will be the surname of her first husband, her surname coming to her third marriage will be that of her second husband, and so on. So if we know that Mary's maiden name is Brown, her first husband's name is Black, her second husband's name is Green, and her third husband's name is White, then we can trace her through the record:
MARY BROWN--+
|
John Black--+--MARY BLACK--+
|
Fred Green--+--MARY GREEN--+
|
Peter White-+--MARY WHITE
Where baptism and burial records are available for a widowed woman but not her marriage record
baptism <----> ? <----> burial
it will be impossible to establish an identity (except in the
rare case that her father is mentioned in the burial record).
The only pair of roles for which an identity can be found for an unmarried woman is CB and BB. That is where a woman maintains her birth surname until death.
For fathers of brides and grooms and the brides and grooms themselves, their sex is implicit in their role. For persons in other roles, sex is spelt out as 'm' or 'f'.
Dates are given for each baptism, marriage, and burial. Additionally, in some baptism records the date of birth is given, and in some burial records the date of death is given. For some periods in the pre-18th century registers, date of birth is given instead of date of baptism.
Dates have the form
dd.mm.yyyy
That is, two digits for days, two for months, and four for years.
Unknown digits are represented as '?'.
Some baptisms were conducted privately, and marked as such in the register. Where the dates of both public and private baptisms are given, we record the date of the public baptism. Where only the date of the private baptism is given, we take that one.
Up to 1752, the new year began on 25 March, rather than 1 January. The printed transcripts we have used as our source for the pre-1813 material follow this practice. We have not converted these dates to the modern system.
Ages are given for brides and grooms (MM) from 1837 and for deceased persons (BB). The ages of deceased infants may given in years (as for adults), months, weeks, days or even hours. To accommodate ages of MMs and those of BBs under one system, the following format is used:
years.months.weeks.days.hoursPoints (dots) separate the parts. The shorter units to the right are only used where needed, e.g.:
10 10 years
10.3 10 years 3 months
0.0.6 6 weeks
0.0.0.0.4 4 hours
The marriages register sometimes uses the term 'full age' to mean at or above the legal marriage age. Where we need a numeric value for age, we use the unknown age value of -1.
The original burials register sometimes use the term 'infant' without giving a precise age. We have treated this as meaning 'up to a year', and translated it as average age up to a year - i.e. six months.
Abode 5 information is given explicitly in the registers for all of PB, MM, BB. 6 We also infer FM's abode from MM's for first-marriage MMs. That is, we assume that a person lives with his or her parent until his/her first marriage. Determination of first marriage is by the woman's surname coming to the marriage. If it matches her father's surname, the marriage is her first.
Abode is not always given. But we use the following generalisation to know whether a person is of Branscombe or not. All CB, PB, BB are treated as being of the village unless otherwise stated.
PBB and SBB, by contrast, are only of the village if so stated.
Abode may change during the course of a life. That is, a person may move house. In case it is of interest to know where a person lived at a given time, or what houses where occupied at a given time, we record the date of occupancy (the date of the record) together with the abode.
Abodes are entered as originally found, but in addition, to facilitate searching, abode information is added in standard fields:
Devon is marked explicitly as the county wherever it is implicit in the original registers. And all Branscombe abodes are explicitly marked as being in Branscombe.
Every house belongs to a locale. (A locale is a part of the village, defined where possible using conventional labels, and otherwise but inventing them.) Some houses belong to a way. 7 Every way belongs to a county. Some ways belong to a town or a village. Every town or village belongs to a county. And every county belongs to a country.
The following distinctions can be made using abode information:
The minimum abode is 'Branscombe' for known/inferred Branscombe abodes and empty for known/inferred non-Branscombe abodes.
Once abode has been parsed, it will be possible - if one wants - to assign the more specific abodes (those mentioning a house name or a particular locale) to a locale. Then it will be possible to find patterns between and within particular parts of the village.
Trades have been entered as standard categories. This means that spellings have been standardised (e.g. blacksmith, blacksmyth, Black Smith, Black smith and Blacksmith all become blacksmith). But it also means that different terms for similar jobs have been rolled into one. For instance, Agricultural Worker, Farm Labourer, Farm Servant, Farm worker, Farmer's assistant all become farm labourer.
A complete list of standard trade names is given in the appendix.
The purpose of standardisation was to allow searching for types of trades. With hindsight, it would have been better to have the standard trade in addition to the original trade name.
Like abodes, trades change over the course of a person's life. Therefore, each trade has a date attached to it (the date when it is known that the person had the particular trade).
The sections below describe the fullest (broadly, most recent) versions of the registers.
Entries in the baptisms register have the structure:
The person baptised is not always a child (in the sense of a minor), but usually is.
The 'trade' in question is the trade of the child's father.
A single space is provided for the parents' Christian names. In the electronic form the mother's and father's names are separated.
In addition to date of baptism, date of birth is sometimes recorded. In the books there is no designated space for it, but it may appear in the margin.
Baptisms are recorded in the early registers as being either public or private. Often both are mentioned. In the electronic form the date of the public baptism is recorded where available. Where only the date of the private baptism is given, this is the date used.
Entries in the marriages register have the structure:
What is called 'condition' is the marital status of the person (bride/groom) prior to this marriage. In the electronic form this field is labelled 'prior marital status'.
The name of the officiating minister is omitted in the electronic form.
Entries between 1813 and 1837 do not include trade information.
Literacy information comes from the marriages register. Married partners are required to sign the marriage register. If they cannot write their own name they put a cross where the vicar has written their name. We interpret the presence of the cross (and absence of signature in own hand) as showing illiteracy. If they write their own name (with however much awkwardness) they are deemed literate.
We assume that literacy is never acquired later than the date of a person's marriage (in the village), or, more generally, not later than the last of their marriages.
Literacy information is available from 1813 to the present. By the beginning of the 20th century illiteracy has virtually reached zero.
From 1813, the marriages register records the prior marital status 8 of the bride and groom. That is, their marital status coming into the marriage. The registers use the terms 'bachelor', 'spinster', 'widow', 'widower'. 9 These have been converted to 'unmarried' and 'widowed'.
Prior to 1813 widow(er)s are occasionally marked. But the incidence is too low to be treated as sytematic.
The widowed status of deceased persons (BB) is sometimes given.
Entries in the burials register have the structure:
The name of the officiating minister is omitted in the electronic form.
Date of death is sometimes also recorded, though it has no designated space on the form.
Burial ceremonies often involve interment. But some burial ceremonies instead follow cremation, and others are for people who will be buried elsewhere.
Thomas Puddicombe was vicar of Branscombe from 1794 to 1827. During the period between 1786 and 1813, that is, starting before he was vicar, and ending when a new format for the registers was introduced, Puddicombe wrote detailed entries in the baptisms and burials registers. These gave biographical information about the persons concerned, for instance, details about how deceased persons died. For baptisms he gave extended family connections.
Such biographical texts cannot be searched for or sorted on in a database, so is omitted from the electronic registers. However, for completeness, the original entries (scanned from H. Tapley-Soper and Elijah Chick's edition of the early registers) have been included in the package.
The persons database is derived from the registers by linking together the register records for each person. The result is a database where each entry represent one person.
The process of linking together register records will be described below. In order to identify records conveniently, we use the notion of a key. A key is a unique identifier. Each record in the registers is assigned a key.
Keys consist of a prefix, which is one of the role abbreviations
mentioned earlier and repeated below plus a number. For example,
the thirty-first child in the baptisms register is assigned the
key cb31 and the two-hundred-and-eighty-ninth father
of a bride or groom gets the key fm289.
Role
Prefix
child baptised
cb
spouse/groom
mm
person buried
bb
parent of child baptised
pb
father of spouse/groom
fmspouse of person buried
sbb
parent of person buried
pbb
Once keys have been assigned to all records in the registers, the process of linking records can start. Records are linked by their keys.
An example. Suppose the registers contain the following records of a man called Joe Suggs:
baptisms marriages burials ------------------------------------------------------- ... ... ... cb1000 Joe Suggs mm450 Joe Suggs bb825 Joe Suggs ... ... ... pb2560 Joe Suggs pb2561 Joe Suggs ... pb2575 Joe Suggs ...That is, he is baptised (
cb1000), marries
(mm450), has three children baptised
(pb2560, pb2561, pb2575),
and is buried (bb825). And suppose that details
such as dates, ages are consistent with all the records
belonging to the same Joe Suggs. Then the keys can
be linked together to form a single identity:
{cb1000, mm450, pb2560, pb2561, pb2575, bb825}
This identity (= set of keys) can be used to retrieve all
the information on Joe Suggs. And likewise for anyone else in
the database.
Records were linked (and identities formed) partly automatically, (using a program), based on rules, and partly by visual inspection of the records.
Automatic matching was possible in cases where there was no question about the records belonging together. This is the case where name, date and age information allows only one possible match. The detailed criteria for matching are not included here.
The greatest source of ambiguity is common names. Certain surnames have been very common in the village over the years. The commonest of all is Bartlett. Others are Abbott, Parrott, Perryman. Where a common surname is paired with a forename that is also common, such as John, the result is a name that is shared by many people. Often forenames are passed from parent to child. In such cases, it may be difficult to tell them apart, since their lives overlap. For people with common names it is often impossible to link their records with any certainty.
Linking was done on the basis that it is better not to link at all than to link speculatively. Most errors of linkage are links made rather than links not made, therefore.
The main criteria for linking records were names, dates and ages. Two records were taken to refer to the same person if their names matched, and if the dates of the events were consistent with each other, and if ages (where available) were consistent with the dates.
An example. Assuming a minimum age of marriage of 15 and a maximum age of marriage of 60 the following pair of records could be unified:
baptism marriage ---------------------------------------------- cb200 Tomas Gill (1700) mm130 Thomas Gill (1728)whereas this pair couldn't
baptism marriage ---------------------------------------------- cb200 Tomas Gill (1700) mm210 Thomas Gill (1792)because it is too unlikely that a man would marry at the age of 92.
Linking women is harder than linking men because women change their names when they marry. In most cases where there is no marriage record for a woman, her record can't be unified.
Many assumptions were made in matching records. Just a few of them
were:
These assumptions allow most correct matches, while disallowing
most incorrect ones.
minimum age as a parent 16
maximum age as a father 75
maximum age as a mother 45
minimum age of marriage 16
maximum age of marriage 40
maximum age difference between spouses 10
maximum delay between birth and baptism 2
maximum age at death (i.e. life span) 100
maximum interval between births (mothers) 20
The result of the linking process is a set of identities such as the following
{cb1928}
{cb1562,mm919,pb3725,pb3777,pb3823,pb3886,bb1772,pbb618}
{pb6579}
{pbb581}
{cb5064,mm2776}
{cb3126}
{cb2253,mm1368,pb5201}
{cb4558,bb2740}
Where each identity represents one person.
Using these identities, a program is then used to gather
the actual information associated with the keys in each,
to form a unified record for eaech person. These are then
sorted and output. Sorting is by
The result is the persons database.
Persons in the persons database are sorted alphabetically and then by key. However, there are several complications. First, a person's name may have several slightly different spellings. Second, there may be a double-barrel surname (effectively two surnames) or a surname alias (= alternative surname). Third, women's surnames change completely on marriage, so they may have several surnames, depending on how many times they have been married.
To solve the problem of variant spellings (e.g. Tailor/Tailer/Taylar/Tayler/Taylor), we use the notion of a canonical form. This one form represents all the variant spellings. The form that is chosen is the one that is most common these days (sometimes an arbitrary choice between equally common forms). For instance, 'Tailor' is chosen in preference to the other forms of the same surname. The names 'genkens' and 'Gibbes', are reversed alphabetically when translated into their canonical forms 'Jenkins' and 'Gibbs'. A complete list of equivalent surnames is given as an appendix.
Second elements in double-barrel surnames are ignored for purposes. Surname aliases are sorted on where surnames are identical.
Women are sorted on whichever of their surnames comes first alphabetically, regardless of whether it is a maiden name or a married name. For example, Mary Webster (nee Brown) comes before Mary Chambers (nee Deacon) because the surnames that matter are Brown and Chambers respectively.
In sorting records, the following comparisons (in order of priority) are made:
Sorting on keys approximates sorting on dates.
Keys are sorted first on their prefix, according to the following order:
cb < mm < pb < fm < bb < sbb < pbband then on their number.
Where a person is mentioned in the registers but has no
burial record, that person is taken as having emigrated.
Similarly, where there is no birth record, but there are
other records, the person is taken as having immigrated.
The full range of presences and absences in the registers
(and their interpretations) are shown in the table below.
Born
Married
Died
Status
yes
yes
yes
permanent
yes
yes
emigrant
yes
yes
permanent
yes
emigrant
yes
yes
immigrant
yes
emigrant, immigrant
yes
immigrant
The registers and the persons database are formatted as XML (Extensible Markup Language) files. XML is a framework for annotating data using labels that describe how the data should be interpreted. The annotation is done with tags - labels inside angle brackets - which are put around the relevant piece of data. For instance, the name Joe Bloggs might be marked as
<name>Joe Bloggs</name>or if more precision is needed, as
<name>
<forename>Joe</forename>
<surname>Bloggs</surname>
</name>
Tags can have attributes, which allow fine-grained
annotation of the data, as in:
<forename full-form="Joseph">Joe</forename>Any piece of data that is tagged in this way can be searched for or sorted on.
A key benefit of XML is that it allows data to be kept separate from any particular presentation of it. This means that the data can be presented in many different ways without altering the data itself.
XML is an international standard of the Worldwide Web Consortium
(http://www.w3.org), a non-profit-making organisation.
Files formatted in XML can be read by web browsers, either as they are or in combination with an XSL (=Extensible Stylesheet Language) stylesheet which can transform the data into HTML (=Hypertext Markup Language) form.
The precise (and quite simple) syntax of XML documents can be found at the Worldwide Web Consortium's website given above.
The choice of labels is up to whoever designs the database. The labels used for the registers and the persons database are listed in the appendix below.
For reasons of privacy, entries in the persons database of persons who could be living are excluded. These are entries that do not have a burial record, and where one of the following is true:
The first test determines whether the person was born within 100 years of the present. The second test determines whether the person was married within 84 years of the present. The third test asks if the person's earliest child (if he/she has one) was born (baptised) in in the last 84 years. And the fourth test determines whether the person's (man's) first-married child was married in the last 68 years.
All records are included in the registers, as these are already in the public domain.
Linking can be wrong in two ways:
The package of files comprising the Branscombe Parish Registers Database includes:
registers/bap.xml | the baptisms register (data) |
registers/mar.xml | the marriages register (data) |
registers/bur.xml | the burials register (data) |
persons/*.xml | the persons database (data) |
ids/ids.txt | the identities (data) |
registers/bap.htm | the baptisms register (viewing) |
registers/mar.htm | the marriages register (viewing) |
registers/bur.htm | the burials register (viewing) |
persons/*.htm | the persons database (viewing) |
Puddicombe/bap.txt | Thomas Puddicombe's detailed baptism entries |
Puddicombe/bur.txt | Thomas Puddicombe's detailed burial entries |
css/*.css | style information |
documentation/doc.htm | this file |
* represents a set of files.
The .htm files are for viewing, while the
.xml files are annotated data, and the
ids.txt files are plain text files.
These files may be distributed freely. If you use information from the persons database in a publication, please quote the database as:
Branscombe Parish Registers Database, Dan and John Ponsford, 2005.
This appendix lists the tags used in the registers and those used in the persons database. There is a good deal of overlap. This is because the data is the same; it's just the interpretation is slightly different between the two.
Indentation shows which elements are included within which other elements.
Tags are in angle brackets while attributes are without brackets. Note that in the registers, country, county, town, village, way, and house can all be annotated using either tags or attributes. (The choice depended on the form of the data.)
Note that the term 'prename' is used instead of 'forename'. This is due to an oversight. 'Forename' would have been fine. I remembered it too late.
The tags used in the registers are the following:
<baptisms>
<baptism>
<child>
<key>
<name>
<sex>
<abode>
<father>
<key>
<name>
<abode>
<trades>
<mother>
<key>
<name>
<abode>
<trades>
<date-of-baptism>
<date-of-birth>
<marriages>
<marriage>
<date-of-marriage>
<man>
<key>
<name>
<abode>
<age>
<literate>
<prior-marital-status>
<trades>
<father>
<key>
<name>
<trades>
<woman>
<key>
<name>
<abode>
<age>
<literate>
<prior-marital-status>
<trades>
<father>
<key>
<name>
<trades>
<burials>
<burial>
<deceased>
<key>
<name>
<abode>
<age>
<sex>
<marital-status>
<husband>
<key>
<name>
<wife>
<key>
<name>
<father>
<key>
<name>
<mother>
<key>
<name>
<maiden-name>
<date-of-burial>
<date-of-death>
<name>
<prename>
<surname>
alias
<abode>
date
country
county
town
village
way
house
locale
<country>
<county>
<town>
<village>
<way>
<house>
<trades>
<trade>
And the tags for the persons database are these:
<persons>
<person>
<keys>
<key>
<sex>
<names>
<name>
<prename>
<surname>
alias
<trades>
<trade>
date
<abodes>
<abode>
date
country
county
town
village
locale
way
house
<cb>
<father-name>
<mother-name>
<year-of-birth>
<year-of-baptism>
<mm>
<spouse-name>
<year-of-marriage>
<age-at-marriage>
<pb>
<spouse-name>
<child-name>
<year-of-birth>
<year-of-baptism>
<fm>
<child-name>
<year-of-marriage>
<bb>
<spouse-name>
<year-of-death>
<year-of-burial>
<age-at-death>
<pbb>
<spouse-name>
<child-name>
<year-of-death>
<year-of-burial>
<sbb>
<spouse-name>
<year-of-death>
<year-of-burial>
academic, accountant, administrator, advertising executive, advertising manager, agent, agricultural adviser, agricultural salesman, air force serviceman, air hostess, airline pilot, ambulance driver, antique dealer, architect, army lieutenant, army serviceman, artist, assessor, assistance coordinator, asylum warder, audit clerk, bailiff, baker, bank clerk, bank manager, barmaid, barrister, beautician, blacksmith, boatman, book keeper, bookbinder, bookkeeper, bookseller, bootmaker, brewer, bricklayer, builder, building contractor, bulldozer driver, bus conductor, bus driver, business analyst, businessman, butcher, buyer, cabinet maker, camp owner, canteen assistant, carer, caretaker, cargo superintendant, carman, carpenter, carpet manufacturer, carpet merchant, carrier, carter, cartographer, casketer, cattle dealer, cellar enologist, central heating engineer, chaplain, chargehand, chauffeur, chef, chemical engineer, civil engineer, civil servant, classroom assistant, clerk, cliff farmer, clogger, coach painter, coach smith, coachman, coal merchant, coal miner, coastguard, colonial administrator, commercial representative, company chairman, company director, computer analyst, computer consultant, computer engineer, computer operator, construction manager, consultant, contractor, cooper, cordwainer, council worker, cowman, crane driver, customer service assistant, customer services manager, dairy maid, dairyman, dairyman's daughter, dealer, decorator, dentist, diplomat, doctor, domestic, draper, draughtsman, dressmaker, driver, drysalter, economist, editor, egg-packer, electrical engineer, electrician, electronics engineer, engine driver, engineer, engineering contractor, entrepreneur, estate agent, excise officer, executive, exporter, factory manager, factory worker, farm bailiff, farm labourer, farmer, farmer's daughter, farmer's son, farrier, ferretter, finance executive, financier, fisherman, fitter, flax merchant, florist, foreman, french polisher, fruiterer, fund manager, furnisher, furniture salesman, gamekeeper, garage assistant, garage manager, garage owner, gardener, gas inspector, gentleman, gentlewoman, glazier, graphic designer, grocer, grocer's porter, groom, groundsman, hairdresser, harness maker, haulage contractor, hawker, heating engineer, heating manager, herdsman, horticulturalist, hotel manager, housewife, huntsman, husbandman, importer, information technologist, innkeeper, instrument maker, insurance administrator, insurance agent, insurance consultant, insurance salesman, interior designer, investment analyst, ironmonger, joiner, journalist, laboratory manager, laboratory technician, laboratory worker, labourer, lace dealer, lace manufacturer, lacemaker, land agent, laundress, law clerk, lawyer, lecturer, legal executive, leisure development owner, librarian, lime burner, local government officer, lorry driver, machine operator, manager, managing director, manufacturer, marine engineer, market gardener, marketing executive, mason, master mariner, mechanic, mechanical engineer, medical researcher, merchant, metal spinner, military serviceman, mill operator, miller, mining engineer, model maker, money broker, motor mechanic, nanny, naval serviceman, naval serviceman (US), naval shipwright, navy lieutenant, network administrator, night porter, nurse, organist, painter, papermaker, parish clerk, parish worker, pauper, pebble picker, personnel manager, personnel officer, pharmacist, photographer, plasterer, plumber, policeman, porter, post office clerk, postal worker, postman, postmaster, potter, poulterer, poultry dealer, priest, printer, production manager, psychologist, publican, publicist, publisher, quality control inspector, quantity surveryor, quarry foreman, quarry manager, quarryman, radio technician, railway porter, railwayman, ranger, receptionist, refrigeration engineer, representative, reservoir keeper, restaurateur, revenue manager, riding school owner, road contractor, roadman, saddler, sailor, sales assistant, sales executive, sales manager, sales representative, sawyer, secretary, security guard, sempstress, servant, sexton, shepherd, ship carpenter, shoemaker, shop assistant, shop manager, shop owner, shopkeeper, sign writer, signalman, single woman, social worker, sojourner, solicitor, sound engineer, spinster, steamroller driver, steward, storeman, student, surveyor, tailor, taxi driver, tea and coffee merchant, tea taster, teacher, telegraph engineer, telegrapher, television engineer, thatcher, timber merchant, tool maker, toolmaker, tractor driver, traffic manager, transfer agent, turner, typesetter, typist, tyre fitter, unemployed, upholsterer, valuer, van driver, victualler, waggoner, waiter, waitress, warrener, watchmaker, water engineer, weaver, welder, wheelwright, wholesale stationer, wine maker, wine merchant, woodman, woodworker, writer, yardman, yeoman
Canonical forms are the first in each line, e.g. 'Abbott' in the first line.
Abbott/Abbat/Abbatt/Abbet/Abbett/Abbot/Abbote/Abbotts/Abbut/Abot Ackland/Acland/Agland Acton-Stow Adams/addams/Addems/oddamas Aden Adenwalla Adlam Akerman/Acherman Alford/Alferd Allen Andrew/Andrews Anstey Aplin/Aply/Appelling/Applin Arkwright Ash/Ashe/Assh Ashford/Ayshford Atkins/actkines/Adkin/Adkins Atkinson Audley/Audlie/Audly/Audlye/Auly/Awdly/Anley Austin Avery Ayles Ayres Bacon Baddfeiild Baggwell/Bagwell/Bagwill Baily/Bayley Baker Baker-Beall Balhatchet/Balhaced/Baldhatchett/Balhachat/Balhached/Balhatchart/Balhatchat/Balhatchett/Balhechet/Balhetchet/Ballhatchat/Ballhatchat/Ballhatchet/Ballhatchett/Ballhatchut Ball Balt Bamfield/Bamfild/Bampfeild/Bampfeilde/Bampfield/Bampfifld/Bampfild/Bampheild/Bamphill/Banfeild/Banfell/Banfield/Banfiell/Banfild/Banfill/Banpheild/Banpheld/Banphell/Banphild/Banphill/Bondfeild/Bondfield/Bonefeild/Bonefield/Boneneld/Bonfeild/Bonfeilde/Bonfeilld/Bonfield/Bonfiell/Bonfild/Bonfyid/Bonifield Banks/Bankes Baptise Barber Barlow Barnes/Burnes Barom/Barran Barr Barrett/Barratt Bartlett/Barlet/Bartled/Bartleet/bartleg/Bartlet/Barttlett/Byrtlet Basely/Bazeley/Bazely/Bazley Bass/Baxe Bastone/Baston/Baasterem/Bason/Bassan/Basstone/Basten/Bastyan/Batstone/Battston/Battstone/Butson Batten/Battin Beavis Beckett Beckford Bedecombe Beer/Bear/Beare/Beear/beeare/Beere Beeson Bell Bellchamber Benn Bennett/bannet/Bennet Bentall Bentley Bernard/Barnard/Barned/Burnard/Bornard/Burned Berry Bexter Bickley Bicknell Bidney Bidwell Biffen/Biffin Billson Birch/Bitch/Burch Bird/Byrd Birks/Brucks/Burke Bishop/Bisshep/Byshop Bissett Blackmoore/Baukmoore/Blackemore/Blackmoo/Blackmoor/Blackmor/Blackmore/Blacmore Blyth Board Bole Bolt Boly Bond Bonner/Banner/Boner Botting Bovett/Brevett Bowler Boyd Boyer Boyland/Boylan/Boylane/Boyleand/Boylen/Boylin/Boyling/Bylond Braddick/Bradcke/Braddicke/Braddiick/Braddocke/Bradick/Bradicke/Bradocke/Broddick/Brodick/Brodyck Bradshaw Brangwell Branscombe Brenie Brewer Briant Bride Bright Brimson Bristow Broad Brodie Brook/Brooke/Brookes Broom Broomfield/Bromffield/Bromfield Broughton Brown/Brawn/Browne/bronne Bruford Brummell Bucknell/Buckenhold/Buckenhole/Buckland/Bucklell/Bucknall/Bucknel/Bucknewell/Bucknol/Bucknold/Bucknole/Bucknoll/bucknolle/Bucknorl/Bucknoul/Bucknoule/Bucknoull/Bucknowle/Bucknowll/Buckrell/Buknorl Budgen/Budden Bull Bulleid Buller Bunt Burnell Burnett Burpit Burridge/Bourrage/Bowridg Burrough/Barowes/Burrow Bussell/Bushell/Bussal Butcher Butler Butter/Butters/Hutter/Rutter Cahill Caley/Cally/Caly/Cayly Callow Callum-Grant Campbell Cannon Canterbery Cape Capron Carbey Carey Carnall/Carnell/Carnole Carpenter Carr Carslake/Caslake Carswell/Carswill/Cassel/Casser/Caswel/Caswell/Caswill Carter/Carte/Cartor Carwithin Case Cattell Cattlin/Catlin Cave Cawley/Caulle/Cawly Cawse Chadwick Chamberlain/Chamberlaine/Chamberlayn/Chamberlayne/Chamberlen/Chamberlin/Chamberline/Chamberlyn/Chambrlen/Chemberlin Channon/Chanan/Channan/Channen/Channing/Chanon/Chanoon/Chanun/Chonnon Chapel/Chapell/Chaple/Chaplle/Chappel/Chapple Chapman Chard Chask Cheed Cheeseman Chichester Chick/Cheeke Chidgey/Chidly Chilpyt Chope Choram Chown Christopher/Christover/Cristover Chubb Churchill Clapp/Clap/Clape/Clappe Clarice Clark/Clarke/Clarks/Clearke/Clerck/Clerk/Clerke Clatworthy Clay Cleale/Cleall Cleef/Cleefe/Cleeve/Cliffe/Clift Clese/Clews/Crews Cligg Clist Cload/Clode coater Coates/Coat/Cout/Cooth Coe Colaton Cole/Coles Coleman/Colman Collier/Colyer Collins/Colins/Collings Colmer Cone Cook/Cooke Cookny Coombes/Comb/Combe/Combes/Coombs Cooper/Cowper Coplestone Copp Cording Cornish Costin Cotton Cottrell/Cottell/Cotter/Cottle Court Courtnye Cox/Cocxs/Cokes/Coks/Coxe/Coxs Cozens Crabbe Crapnell Crocker/Crockker/Croker/Crokker Croom/Cronun Croot Cross/Crosse Crossley Crowe/Cro Crumpton-Cruvela Cudmore Cue Cullen Culverwell Cumden Cunnett/Conant/Conantt/Conatt/Conent/Conett/Connant/Connent/Connet/Connett/Cunant/Cunet/Cunett/Cunnant/Cunnet/Cunnott/Cunnut/Cunnutt Curry Curson Curtis/Courtesse/Courtise/Curtys Cutcliffe/Cutclifle D'Agostini Daborn Dale Daley Daniels/Daniell/Daniells Darcy Dare Dark/Darke Darkin Darnley-Smith Dart Davey/Davy David Davidson Davis/Davice/Davies Daw/Dawe de Savary Dean/Deam/Deame/Deane/Deeeme/Deem/Deeme/Deme/demme Deel Delaney Denham/Denen/Dennem/Denning Dennis Denny Denslow Derriman Derry Dewston/Dewstow Dimond/Diment/Dymond Dixon Docherty Doddridge Dolman/Doleman/Doliman Dominy Donivan Dormer/Dormmor/Dormor Douch/Douche Dourof Dourte Dowell/Dolbell/Dowel/Dowill Down/Doune/Downe Drake Drascombe Dray Drew Driver Duck/Ducke/Dack Dummett/Domett/Dommett/Dummet Dunn Dunster Durrant Dyer Eades Earle/Earlle East Easterling Eccleshall Edwarde/Edwards Elliott Elliott-Smith Ellis Elstone/Elson Emmott England/Englan Evans/Evins/Ewins Eveleigh Everett/Everard Farmer Farnden Farquharson Farr/Farrell/Ferrar Farrant/Farent/Farrent/Farrentt Faulkner/Falkiner Fawcett Featherstone Fegan ffathers ffeyres ffranccombe Fielding/Fielden Filipinski/Filipinsky Fitzhenry Flea/fflay/ffle/Fflea/ffley/Filea/Flay/fle/Flee/Fley Fletcher Flint Foden Follett Fomey Ford/ffoord Forward Foulkes/ffaulkes Fowler/ffowler/Vowler Fox Foxwell/Foxwill Foyle/ffoye/Foil Freeman French/ffranch/ffranks/ffrench/ffrinch/frahnce/Franch/Franck/Franco/Frank/Franke/Franks Frost Fry/ffry/Frey Fuller Furlong Fursey/ffursey/ffuzzy/Fursy/Fuzzy Gage/gaege/geage/Gigg Gale Galley Gambles Gardiner/Gardner Garman Garsk/Garsh Gat/Gate gatch Gay/Gayh/Guy Gayler Gerrard Gibaud Gibbons/Gibbens/Gibbins Gibbs/Gibbes/Gibs Gibson Gike Gilbert Gill/Goule Glyde Goddard Godfrey/Godfrye Godney Goldsworthy/Golsworthy Goodall/Goodwill Goodeve Goodman Goodwin/Godwin/Goodden/Gooden/Gooding Goslett Gosling/Goseling/Gosney Gowle Grady Granger Grant Grattan/Gratton Graver Greaves/Grieve Green Greenaway Greer Gregory Griffin Griffiths Grubb Gryndle Gulley Gunningham Gush/Cush/Gaugh/Gough/Goush/Gushe Haagensen Hacker/Hackeer/Hakeer/Haker/Hakier Hake Halfyard Hall/Halles/Halls/Halse/Halsey Hallett/Hallet Ham/Hame/hamm/hamme/Han/Hann/Hans Hamby Hamlin Hammick Handsford/Handford/Hansford Hanun Harden/Harding Hardey/Hardy/Herdy Hardiman Harker Harking Harlwyng Harnell Harris/Hares/Harries/Harriss Harrison Harrop Hart Hartnell Hartridge Hastrop Hatchleigh/Hatchley/Hitchleigh Hatherley/hatharly/Hathererlie/Hatherleigh/Hatherly/Hatherlye Hatson/Hatsone/Hattsone Havill Hawker/Hauker/Haukier/Hawcker/Hawkyer Hawkes Hawkins Haycroft/Haycraft Haydon Hayes/Haynes/Haines Hayman/Haymon Hayward Hazelden Heady Heath Heathfild Heckford Hellier/Heller/Helliar/Hellyar/Hellyer/Helyar Hendy Hepting Herbert/Herverd Herbert-Spottiswoode Herne/Heiron Herniman Hewes/Heew/Hew/How/Howe/House/Howse/Hews/Hues/Hughes/huiese/huis Hewitt/Hewet/Hewett/Hewit/Hewlett/huet Hibbert Hicks/Hecks/hex/Hickes/Hix Higgins Hill/Hil/Hills Hilsley Hine Hitchcock/Hechcoke/Hetchcok/Hichcocke/Hichcok/Hickoke/Hitchcocke/Hitchcoke/hitchkoce/hitchkock/Hithcock Hoad Hoare/Hoore/Hore Hodder Hodge Hodgkins Hodgkinson/Hodkinson Hofstetter Holcomb Holesteed Hollis Holman Holmes Holmyer/Holmier/Holmyard/Homyard Holst Holwell/Holwill/Hotwell/Howell Hook/Hoock/Hoocke/Hooke Hooker Hookway Hoop Hooper/Hoopper/Hoper/hoppar/hopper Hopin/Hoppins/Hoppyn Horman Horn Horsford/Hosford Horton Hoskens/Hoskins Howard Hoyle/Hoyel/Hoyl Hoyt/Hoyte Huggett Hull Humby Hunt/Hunte Hunter Hurley/Hurdly/Hurly/Huryly Hussey/Houseway/husey/Husway Hutchings/Huchinge/Hutcheon/Hutchins Hutton Huxford Ibdon Inglis Irish Isack Ithell Ivanyi Ivanyi-Sproule Ivey Ivings Jaffe James/Jams Jarman/Jearmon Jarvis Jay Jenkins/genkens/Jenkin/Jinkins Jennings Jerrant/Jerentt/Jernnt/Gernut/Gerunt Jesshope Jewell Jewry Johnson/Janson/Johnstone Jones/Joans/Johns/Jose Jukes Kay Keech/Citch/Kitch Keene/Keen/Kine Kellaway Kelly Kenworthy Kerans Kerr-Muir Kerslade Kiddle Kift/Kiff King Kingman Kingsbury Kirkwood Knatchbull Knight Knott/Knot Knowland Knowles Laa Lacey/Lacie/Lacy/Lacye Laicott/leacot/Lecot/Lecote/Lecott/Leicott/Leycott Lake Lamy/Lambe Lancaster Landon/Lambden/Lapten Lane/Lan Lanford/Langford Langmead/Langmeade/Langmede Larcombe Lathrope Lavermore Lavis Law Lawrance/Lawrence Lawson Layzell Lea/Lay/Leahy/Lee/Leigh/Ley Leat/Leate/Leatt/Leeat Leger Legg/Legge/Lugg/Lugge Leonard Levermore Lewis Lewry Lide/Lewd/Lyde/Lye Light Lilley Lipp Lister Livesley Lock/Locke Lockyer/Locker/Lockier/Loycker Long/Longe/Lunn/Lange Lord Loren/Looring/Lowring Louton/Letten/Lowten/Lytwin/Lytwyn Love Lovell Lovely Loveridge/Loverage/Loverdige Loving Loynd Luckcraft Luckis Luxton Lynck Mabey/Maby Macdonald Macey Mackrell Macnamara Maddock Main/Maine/Mayn/Mayne Maitland Makin Manley Mann Manning/Mannin Mannyard/Manyarde Mansfield/Manfield/Mansell/Maunsell/Morsell Manson Manville Marchant Marcke/Markes Markell/Marckell/Marcle/Markall/Markel/Market/markle/Martall/Martell/Mattall Marler Marmion Marrable Marriage Marriott/Marred Marsh/Mash Marshall Martin/Martyn Marwood/Mawhood Mary/Mare Maseley Mason Matthews Maunder May/Maye Mayley Mayo McDougal-O'Connor McLachlan-Clark Mead Meadows Mecho/Macho/meacho/Mecar/Mecco/Mechoe/Mecko/Meckow/Meco/Mecoe/Mecoo/Meko/Micho/Mico/Mycho/Myco/Mycoe Medland Melluish/Mehuish/Melhuish Melton Mercer Mettam/Mettham Meyer/Mayer/Maeer/Maer/Mear/Meer/Myers Midwinter Miell Miller/Meler/Meller/Mellerd/Myllar/Myller/Miler/Millar/Millard/Milliar/Millir Millman Mills/Milles/Mylles Milner Minifie/Menefeigh/Minefeigh/Minefigh/Minefye/Minifey/Minify/Minifye Minnis Mitchell/mechell/Meechel/Michal/Michall/Micheal/Micheall/Michel/Michell/michiell/Michill/Mitchel/Mychell Moger Molland/Moullens Monday/Mondy/Mundy/Murdy Moon Moore/More Morgan/Mogan Morris Mortimer/Mortimore Morton Moyle Mugford Murch Mutter/Motter Neal/Neale Newberry/Newberey/Newbery Newcombe Newland Newman Newton/Neuten/Neuton/Nouten/Nuten/Nuton/nutone/Nutton/Nuttone Neylor Nicholls Nicholson Noak Norman Norrington Norrish/Norish/Norris Northcott/Norcot/Norcott/Norket/Northcot/Northcote/Northcotte/Northott Northwherthy Nossiter/Noseter O'Connor O'Riordan Oadley/Oadly/Oddely/Odely/Odley/Osely/Ougley/Ousley/Ovley/Owesly/Owsely/Oldley Ockelford Old Oliver Orchard Ordley/Orley Osborne/Osborn Otton/Auton/Otten/oatten/Wooton/Wootton/Woten/wotten/Wottin/Wotton Pack Packer Page/paige/Payge Paget Pain Palfry Palmer Parker Parnell Parrott/Parrat/Parratt/Parret/Parrett/Parrot/Patrott Parsons/Passon Pasco Paulley/Pawley/Pawlglas/Powgle/Powles Pavey Payton/Paddon/Paiton/paitone/Paytone/Peyton/Peytwin/Peytwyn/Poyton Peacock Pearce/Perce/Pierce/Purse Peck/Pegg Penny/Pinney Perkins Perry/Parry/Perrey/Pery Perryman/Pearreyman/Peraman/Perreman/Perrian/Perriman/Peryam/Peryman Pessell Pester Peters Petersen Petersons Phare Philips/Phillips/Philps/Phipps Phippen/Peppin Pidgeon/Pegion/Peigeion/Pidgen/pidggon/Pigeon/Pygeon Pike/Pyck/Pyk/Pyke Pile/Pyle Pim/Pims/Pin/Pinn Piper Pitcher Pitman Pitts/Pite/pits/Pix/pettes/petts Plowman Plymton Pocock Pollard Pomeroy/Pomry Ponsford Pooke Poole/Pooley Porter Potbury/Podbury Potter Poulton Powell Power Prescott/Prescot Price Prickett Priddice/Pridice/Prideaux Prim Prince Pring/Pringe Pritchard Privett Prosser/Proser/Prosere Prower Puddicombe Pudner Pugh Pullin/Puylee Pullman Purdie Pyke-Nott Pyn/Pynn/Pynne Quick/Quicke Quintrell/Quenterrell Rabjohns/Rabyould Radden Raffill/Raffell/Raffil/Raffle/Rafill/Raphael/Raphiel Randall/Randel/Randell/Rendall/Rendel/Rendell/Rondell/Rundle Ransome-Bentley Rawlin/Rawlins Ray Raybould Raymer Reade Real Rebington Reddaway/Redaway Redwode Reed Rees Restorick Retallack Rhodes Rhymes Rhys Rice Richards/Richard/Richerds Ridler Roberts/Robberts/Robertes Robertson Rockey Rodden Rode Rogers Rook Rosewell/Rosenceval/Rowsel/Rowsell/Rowsewell/Russel/Russell Rost Rowe/Row/Roe Rowland/Reyling/Roland/Rowlands/Ryland Rowley Rowson Ruddick Rugg/Ruge/Rugge Rutley Ryder Sadler Salter Salton Salway Samford Sampson/Sansom Sanders/Sander Santillo Sarah Sargent Satchell Saunders/Saunder Savary/Savory Sawyer/Sawyers Scadding Scarbrough Scarr Sclater Scorch Score Scott Sealy Seaman Searle/Saerle/sarle/Serle/Seurle Seaward/Seawerd/Seward Sellers/Seller Selley/Sebley/Selway/Sellick/Siller Sercombe-Reed Shappen Sheares/Shaears/Shares/Sheeres/Sheires/Sheres/Shiares/Shiers/Shires Sheepyard/Shepeard Shelford Shepton Sherbrook Sherin/Sheryn Sherman Shimells Shoulder/Shalder/Sholder/Sholer/Shoulders/Showler Simpson/Simpsing Sims/Simms Skinner/Skynner Skose Slade slafter Slape Slay Sleight Sloman Small Smalley Smallwood Smith/Smeeth/Smeth/Smits/Smyth/Smythe Snell Somers/Sommers/Sumers/Summers Somerton/Soper Spark/Sparke/Sparks Speake Spiller/Speller Spinster Sproule/Sproale/Spurdle Spurway Squire Stacey Starr/Starre Stedham/Stedman/Stedon/Steedman Stephens/Steephens/Steven/Stevens Stephenson Stockham/Sitockam/Stocker/Stockam/Stocknam Stokes Stone Stoneman Stoner Strangman/Stranman/Stranngeman Strong Stuckey/Stooky/Stucky/Stucly Studd Studley Sturges Swain/Swaine Swansborough Swanston Sweetland/Sewtland/swetland Syers Symonds/Symons Tailor/Tailer/Taylar/Tayler/Taylor Tait/Taitt/Teat Tansley Tape/Teap/Teape Tatton-Brown Tedbury Terry Thomas/Tammas/Thomes/thommas/Tomas Thompson Thorn/Thorne Tickell Tidwell/Tidball/Tidbell Tucker/Tidwell-Tucker/Tidwill Till Tillman/Tilman Tipper Titley/Tiddy Tizzard Tockett Tollidey/Tooley/Toolie Tomkins/Tonkin Tomlinson Tonge Tookney Touchin Toulmin Townsend/Townsen/Townsin Tozer Trace Trail Trap Tratt/Trott Tree Tregaskis Tregenna Trivett/Tryvet Trout/Trood Tucker/Tocker/Toker/Tooce/Tooker/tuker/Tuckir Tudor Tumor Turle/terrell/Tourle/Turell/Turll/Turlle/Turrel/Turrell Turner/torner/tourner/Turnor Tut Twist Tydcum Tyrer Underhayes/Underhay Unwin Upright Valentine Vaughan Vawter Vele Venn Veriard/Vereard/Verriard/Verryeard/Veryard Vernon/Vurum Vickery/veckery/Vicary/Vickry Villiers Vilvain Vincent/Vincen Vine/Vy Violett Wadham/Whaddam Waite Wakeley/Wakley Walburton walias/Wallace/Wallis/Wolis/Wollis Walker Walrond/Warren Walsh Walters Warburton/Warminton Ward Wardin Ware Warner Waterford Waters/Watt/Wattes/Watts Watson Wattez Way Waygood waymouth Weaver-Bridgman Webber Weekes/Weeich/Weeke/Weich Weightman Welsh/Welch/Wells Welsman Wench/Wanch/Whench Wescomb/Wescum Westcott/Wescet/Wescot/wescote/Wescott/Wescotte/Wesscott/Wessett/westcote/Wiscot Westlake Weston/Western/Westham Wevill Wheat Wheaton/Weaton/Wheatone/Wheton/Whetone Wheeler Whicker Whitfield/Whitefild/Whitfeild/Whitfild/Whitfill/whitfull/Whitfyld/Whytefield/Whytfield/Whytfild/Whytfyld Whitmore/Whitemoor/Whitemore/Whitmoor/Whitmoore/Whitmor/Whitmorre/Whittmore/Whytmore Whitt/Whitty/Whyte/Wide/White Whorwood Wicks Widdecombe Widdowson Wilcox/Elcox/Wilcock/Wilcocke/Wilcocks/Wilcokes Wiley/Wildey Wilkins/Wilkings Wilkinson Williams/Wiliams/Willams/William Willis/Willes/Willey/Wills/Wylles Wilmington/Willmington Wilson/willson/wilsone Windsom/Wensam/Wensan/Winsam/Winsom/Winsome Winiate Wiscombe Witch Withness Wolfenden Wolstenholme Wood/Woode woodford Woodgate Woodrough/Woodrow Woodward Wooldridge Wortelhock Woste Wray Wreford Wright/Write Wyatt/wayett/Wiat yeard Yeates Youldan Young Yule/Yeoell